Which term best describes the idea of protecting information from unauthorized access?

The term that best describes the idea of protecting information from unauthorized access is information security. This concept encompasses the strategies, tools, and practices designed to safeguard sensitive data from threats, breaches, and unauthorized users. Information security involves multiple layers of protection, including physical security measures, technical safeguards like encryption, and administrative policies for access control.

Other terms provided in the choices are related but focus on different aspects. Data recovery pertains to the processes involved in restoring lost or corrupted data, often after an incident has occurred. Information integrity concerns maintaining the accuracy and consistency of data over its lifecycle, ensuring that information remains unaltered during storage and transmission. Data sharing refers to the practice of making data available to others, which can introduce risk if not managed properly, especially without proper security measures in place. Therefore, "information security" specifically emphasizes the protective measures against unauthorized access, making it the most appropriate choice.