What encompasses components such as directory services and user management capabilities?

Identity Management encompasses components such as directory services and user management capabilities. This is primarily because identity management focuses on the creation, maintenance, and deletion of user identities and their associated permissions within an organization. It ensures that the right individuals access the right resources at the right times for the right reasons.

Directory services are a crucial part of identity management as they provide a systematic way to store, manage, and retrieve user information and attributes in a centralized location. This enables efficient management of user identities, roles, and access privileges, thereby fostering enhanced security and compliance.

User management includes tasks such as onboarding new employees, managing changes in user status or roles, and offboarding when an employee leaves. By effectively managing these aspects, organizations can reduce the risk of unauthorized access and ensure that user identities are accurately reflected in the system.

The other options, while related to security, address different aspects of the cybersecurity ecosystem. Access Management specifically deals with the authorizations that determine what resources users can access, rather than the creation and management of user identities themselves. Security Management encompasses broader aspects of defending against threats and managing overall security posture, while Incident Management focuses on responding to and managing security incidents. Thus, they do not directly encompass the components related to directory services and user management.